Interdependence - A higher state of being than Independence

In interdependent relationships, members are mutually reliant on and responsible to each other. 
Sociologist James D. Thompson defined three types of interdependence to describe the intensity of interactions and behaviors within an organizational structure. They are Pooled, Sequential and Reciprocal Interdependencies.


 Thompson believes that the correct way to get departments within an organization working together effectively is to structure tasks by intensity of interdependence, and then manage each of those interdependencies with different coordination methods.

•  Pooled interdependency -  Example:  individuals from an office team sharing the same fax machine to perform their individual tasks. This interdependency requires standardization in rules and operating procedures:
• 

• Sequential interdependency - managed through mildly adaptive planning and scheduling.  Assembly Line - example of sequential interdepenency

• Reciprocally interdependent departments -

   output is produced through the collaboration of all entities, and  all entities are dependent on each other  to produce the optimal output.

   This interdependency is managed through constant information sharing and mutual adjustments.